Gingee fort located south of Chennai is a far lesser explored/ talked about destination. Having witnessed those mighty walls snaking through the mountains when driving across the dusty town, i had often wished to exlpore this piece of history. Looking at the options for a one day bike trip this time, Gingee sounded a good spot to spend a day in the lap of forgotten era.
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| Threesome Muthu, Self and Arun (L to R) |
Route Map:
Three of us were game ! Journey started on a lazy Saturday morning to explore the little known wonder. Roads were
a breeze till Tindivanam on the NH45. A
deviation from here puts you on the road to Tiruvannamalai. This road can be aptly called the hall of
shame for NHAI. Roads don’t actually
exist in many places and sounded safe only during day light.
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| NH66 Tindivanam - Tiruvannamalai Road (Pic Courtesy: Wanderlust Traveler @ TeamBHP |
Back breaking bike ride came to a halt at
9:30AM when we were greeted by monuments dotting the outskirts of Gingee town. Had a feeling of some sort similarity in
layout of Hampi and Gingee…further probing proved the initial thought.
Wading
through the dusty Gingee town we arrived at the gates of Gingee Fort. ASI security staff double up as guides
here. It’s better to hire a guide
considering the huge area that need to be covered spread over two hills.
Quick facts of the Gingee fort before we start..
The Gingee
Fort complex is on three hillocks: Krishnagiri to the north, Rajagiri to the
west and Chandrayandurg to the southeast. The three hills together constitute a
fort complex, each having a separate and self-contained citadel. The fort walls
are 13 km and the three hills are connected by walls enclosing an area of
11 square kilometres. It was built at a height of 800 feet (240 m) and
protected by a 80 feet (24 m) wide moat. – Wiki
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| Massive wall cutting through the road |
Timeline…
- Jains had dwelt in Gingee from 200 B.C. to 500 A.D
- During Chola regime (900 A.D. – 1003 A.D.) a small fort was first built atop the hill.
- Under Konar regime (1190 A.D. - 1330 A.D.) the fort was strengthened
- For a brief period, fort was with the Hoysalas in first half of 14th century
- In 15th century, fort passed on to the Vijayanagara empire and was ruled by the Gingee Nayaks. Under their regime, Gingee saw massive expansion and was modelled on the lines of Hampi.
- Nayaks rule ended with the fort passing on to Bijapur Sultans in 1649 A.D
- Bijapur was in possession of the fortress of Gingee till 1677 A.D., when Shivaji, took control over it during the Carnatic expedition. The Marathas greatly strengthened and fortified its defences.
- In 1698 fort fell into the hands of Moguls (Aurangazeb) after siege which lasted seven years which was led by Shivaji’s son Rajaram.
- It then passed on to Rajput Sawrup Singh – vassal of Aurangazeb in 1700 AD
- Then on to his son Raja Desingh who lost the famous battle to the Arcot Nawabs. The ballets are sung in and around Gingee till date about his bravery.
- French took control over the fort in 1750 and then on to the British in 1799. After that Gingee had been free from the ravages and anarchy of war, but subject to desolation and decay.
I had to
put together this roller coaster history of the fort after reading through a
dozen portals as the ASI staff are good just to take you around all
places. Only history they know is the folkfore of Raja Desingh which they feed you through the day.
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| Garrisons all the way up |
Fort is
under the control of ASI from the year 1921, and are doing a decent job of
maintaining the ruins with the available paltry resources.
Fort of such magnitude require far bigger army of men to maintain
it to the standard of say the Agra or Fatehpur Sikri forts.
Plan was to
cover the hills of Krishnagiri in the first half and Rajagiri being the bigger
one was planned for the second half.
Guided tour
started with us climbing the Krishnagiri fort which is a easier climb in
comparison to the Rajagiri hill. Steep
flight of steps put together with crude stone slabs is all that takes you to the top. Gingee was planned to a be self-sufficient
city which meant it could bear years of enemy siege and natural calamities with
ease.
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| Cannon post with turntable facility |
On the way to the top we came
across many granaries, oil wells, caves for collecting rain water. Watch towers dot the fort wall running across
the hill and few cannon launch pads with turn table facility enabling 360
degree coverage amply portray the capabilities what once was “troy of the
east”.
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| Granary |
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| Ghee storage tank |
Lakshmi Temple
Flight of
steps lead us to the plundered Lakshmi temple bereft of any statues. Few natural color paintings can be seen on
the temple walls.
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| Lakshmi Temple |
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| Natural Dye Paintings |
Ranganatha Temple
Ranganatha temple has an elaborate structure with bali
peeta and mantapa for deity procession.
Other structures are just in shambles and hardy anything to make out of them in their current state. Further
climb leads to the ornate kalyana mantapa.
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| Sacntum - Ranganatha temple |
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| Kalyana Mantapa |
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| Paintings inside Ranganatha temple |
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| Balipeeta |
A
structure of indo saracenic architecture is seen on the top of the
mountain. It is considered built for the
Muslim wife of Desingh.
From the top
of the Krishnagiri hill, majestic Rajagiri hill and the place complex ruins can
be seen at a distance. Bracing ourselves
of the big climb of the day we made quick descent.
With
renewed gusto we started our explorative sojourn of Gingee’s Rajagiri Hills which
forms a major part of the fort complex.
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| View of the Rajagiri Hill from Krishnagiri Fort |
Only sad part of the guided tour that I realized after getting back is
that, only story we were fed of Gingee was the that of Raja Desingh. Absence of informed guides is a bane and they
just prove good to help you cover all spots.
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| Entrance to the Rajagiri Hill Fort |
At the
entrance of the fort complex, is the Sadatullah Khan mosque. He was
trusted general of Desingh.
Further down are two ponds Chakkarakulam and Chettikulam. Being an arid region, such ponds were of yeomen
importance. Fort saw major development during
the Nayaks and profile of the place is very similar to Hampi on this note.
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| Structure - Final rights of Raja Desing were perfomed here |
Next to the
pond is a big raise structure on which was lit the pyre of Raja Desingh. Desingh
is a war hero who continues to live in the hearts of locals who speak of his
bravery in local focalfore and street plays.
At the young age of 22 with just an army of 350 horses and 500 men which
was not match to the army of Nawab which was 8000 horses and 10,000 men strong. Mounted on his horse Neelaveni, fought
valiantly and attained martyrdom. Nawab
impressed with his valour, arranged for his funeral with state honours. Desingh’s young wife immolated herself on the
pyre, giving credence to the practice of sati.
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| Kalyana Mahal tower |
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| Sprawling structures which housed the royal staff |
Kalyana
Mahal, one of the very few structures that remain intact. Built during the Vijayanagara rule, it has a
square court in its centre with a high tower measuring 27m and was used as
living area for the queens. Sadly it was
closed for maintenance and we had to settle with exterior pics.
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| Darbar |
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| Granite Stair |
Next to the Kalyana mahal is the sprawling darbar hall surrounded by the resident quarter of the kings staff. One interesting structure we came across was the spiral stone stairs which was just one thing out of the world. Usually such designs are seen in wood and having them made of hard granite speaks of fine architects of the past.
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| Magazine Storage |
Moving
ahead, we came across the Magazine storage area. This was an underground structure beautifully
integrated to a crevice in a huge stone mass.
Small openings on the top lead to least exposure for the explosives to heat
and moisture. Men had to be dropped through
ropes to get into this underground yard.
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| Elephant Tank |
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| Huge arch of the Elephant Tank |
To the
South further, stood a water body by name Elephant tank. Steps are provided in
the Southwest corner of the tank so that elephants could climb down and get out
easily. Again different versions of this
structure are up in the in air on the actual purpose it was meant for. Afternoon
sun was blazing with the summer having just started, our guide – a retired Army
man stood strong to his trait.
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| Inside on of the huge Granaries |
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| Granary |
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| Granary with three portions |
Next came
set of two big granary (one of them is wrongly believed to be a gymnasium
though). Interestingly, guide asked us to
climb the footsteps going around the structure and reach the top. Once back, there he goes bingo! “I was
preparing you people for the hard climb of 1,000 steps under the hot sun for
next two hours”. True military istyle!
As we move
towards the steps, announces a board that entry further is prohibited after
3PM. Further enquiry with the guide revealed
the fact that, being surrounded by dense forest, animal trouble is something
which ASI is wary of. To ensure that people
are made to come down before 6 PM, they stop fort entry.
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| Difigured sculpture - Venugopalaswamy temple |
Monkey
trouble started once we started climbing the steps, stick wielding guide
ensured they are at bay. Steady climb
atop the hill, we encountered that Venugopalaswamy temple which contains a
stone slab depicting a remarkable piece of sculpture cut out in bold relief on
the side of a mass of rock. Herein are carved a panel of Lord Krishna playing the
flute with his two wives, Rukmani and Satyabhama, and two female figures.
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| Kamalakanni Amman Temple |
Thankfully flight of steps stop made way to
flat plain walk along the vegetation which lead us to the Kamalakanni Amman shrine. It is a working temple with a huge stone in
the front bearing the image of a buffalo.
Every year buffalos are slaughtered as an offering to the presiding deity.
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| Wooden Bridge |
Further
climb through steep stairs lead us to two cannons and set of granaries. The fort is surrounded by Muttakadu Forest on
one side and steep cliff on the other side providing it a natural defence. The entrance to the main citadel you
encounter deep chasm about 24 feet in width and 60 feet in depth. This chasm
has been further artificially deepened. The entrance to the citadel, as
we find it to-day, is by means of a wooden bridge thrown over it.
In all it
does prove to be an impregnable fort.
Mughals had a tough time with the Marathas here as any attempts to use
Monitor Lizard to climb (Marathas own technique) the walls were thwarted by way
of trained eagles which would pull them down.
The final summit after an hour and half of tough climb is a desolate
Ranaganatha temple and a bell cum flag mast tower. The picturesque view you get from the summit
is a sight to behold and puts to rest all tiredness accumulated.
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| Bell Tower cum Flag post on top of the Rajagiri hill |
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| Ranganathaswamy temple |
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| View of Venkataramana temple from Rajagiri hill |
Spending
some time enjoying good wind and the views from the top of the world we had to
rush down to the Venkataramana temple situated a km away from the base of the
hill. As we got down, beautiful aerial
view of temple mesmerised us.
Venkataramana
Temple
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| Gopura - Venkataramana temple |
This temple
was built by Muthialu Nayaka in 1540 A.D. - 1550 A.D. The temple abounds in gopuras, mandapas and
sculptured panels depicting gods and goddesses in scenes from the Hindu epics. The
temple seems to have faced hard times during the French occupation (after 1761
A .D.) From this period the temple experienced forms of decay and old
archaeological wealth was plundered by subsequent invaders. Locals reveal the
fact that, before restoration by ASI, it mound of soil which had engulfed the
temple. In this temple there are also
deities of Devi, Aandaal and Narasima.
There is a well which has crystal clear water and a netwrork of water ways bring in the water from Chettikulam tank into it. French removed many pillars from this temple and placed them in Pondicherry which can be seen even today. Recent efforts by Right wing organizations has resulted in the start of worship at the temple after 330 years. We were asked to sign a register maintained to help them win the case in the court to continue worship. Such is the sorry state of the Nayak wonder.
Huge dwarak palakas with broken nose greet us at the entrance of the sanctum. Huge wooden board is seen covering up the underground chamber beneath the sanctum meant for exigencies. Offering our prayers to the lord and some photo shoot, we had to rush a bit to call it a day. Bad roads back home till Tindivanam were very much in our mind and had to be covered in decent sun light. Bidding farewell to our guide who had spent the whole day with us, we departed with our hearts and minds full.
There is a well which has crystal clear water and a netwrork of water ways bring in the water from Chettikulam tank into it. French removed many pillars from this temple and placed them in Pondicherry which can be seen even today. Recent efforts by Right wing organizations has resulted in the start of worship at the temple after 330 years. We were asked to sign a register maintained to help them win the case in the court to continue worship. Such is the sorry state of the Nayak wonder.
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| Dwarapalakas |
Huge dwarak palakas with broken nose greet us at the entrance of the sanctum. Huge wooden board is seen covering up the underground chamber beneath the sanctum meant for exigencies. Offering our prayers to the lord and some photo shoot, we had to rush a bit to call it a day. Bad roads back home till Tindivanam were very much in our mind and had to be covered in decent sun light. Bidding farewell to our guide who had spent the whole day with us, we departed with our hearts and minds full.
Overall
Gingee is good weekend spot for Chennaites to explore and history buffs to
ponder about.
Few
pointers:
- Gingee is located 156kms from Chennai and is located on the Tindivanam – Tiruvannamalai NH66
- Being part of an arid region, better to avoid visit in summers as exploration involves hard climb through the day in open sun.
- No good eat outs are available at Gingee, better to take some packed food
- Guides are available and can be contacted at the ASI ticket counters
- Climbing up the Rajagiri fort is prohibited after 3PM
- Beware of monkeys, they are very good at techniques of scaring humans.
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